Plain-language glossary

Estate terms explained

Common terms used in estate correspondence in England and Wales. These are general explanations; different rules and terminology apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

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Administrator
The person the court appoints to deal with an estate when there is no will, or no named executor able to act.
Beneficiary
Someone due to receive something from an estate, under a will or under the rules that apply when there is none.
Domicile
A person's permanent home for legal purposes. It can differ from where they last lived and may affect which inheritance rules apply.
Estate
The property, savings and possessions a person leaves when they die. Debts and other liabilities must be settled before the remainder is distributed.
Executor
The person named in a will to gather the estate, settle liabilities and distribute what remains.
Grant
A document confirming authority to deal with an estate. Banks and other organisations may require it before releasing assets.
Heir
Someone who inherits. A potential heir is someone whose possible entitlement has been identified but still needs to be confirmed.
Intestacy
The situation where someone dies without a valid will, or their will does not cover all of their estate. Intestacy rules determine who inherits the assets concerned.
Letters of Administration
A grant giving an administrator authority to deal with an estate. If there is a will but no executor able to act, it is called administration with the will annexed.
Personal representative
The term covering both executors and administrators: whoever is legally responsible for the estate.
Probate
The process of proving a will and obtaining authority to administer an estate, often used loosely for estate administration as a whole.
Trustee
Someone who holds property for others under the terms of a trust, which may continue long after the estate is wound up.
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